Website References

Website References

(1996a). Lifetime benefits and costs of intensive therapy as practiced in the diabetes control and complications trial. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. JAMA 276, 1409-1415.

(1996b). The absence of a glycemic threshold for the development of long-term complications: the perspective of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes 45, 1289-1298.

(1998a). Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet 352, 854-865.

(1998b). Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 39. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. BMJ 317, 713-720.

(1998c). Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet 352, 837-853.

(1998d). Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. BMJ 317, 703-713.

(2000). Retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes four years after a trial of intensive therapy. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group. N.Engl.J.Med. 342, 381-389.

(2002a). Cost-effectiveness of intensive glycemic control, intensified hypertension control, and serum cholesterol level reduction for type 2 diabetes. JAMA 287, 2542-2551.

(2002b). Intensive diabetes management: implications of the DCCT and UKPDS. Diabetes Educ. 28, 735-740.

Aguilar-Bryan, L. & Bryan, J. (1999). Molecular biology of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels. Endocr Rev 20, 101-135.

Ahrén, B. (1998). Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1): A gut hormone of potential interest in the treatment of diabetes. BioEssays 20, 642-651.

Ahren, B. & Scheurink, A. J. (1998). Marked hyperleptinemia after high-fat diet associated with severe glucose intolerance in mice. Eur J Endocrinol 139, 461-467.

Ahren, B., Simonsson, E., Scheurink, A. J., Mulder, H., Myrsen, U., & Sundler, F. (1997). Dissociated insulinotropic sensitivity to glucose and carbachol in high- fat diet-induced insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice. Metabolism 46, 97-106.

Akiyama, T., Tachibana, I., Shirohara, H., Watanabe, N., & Otsuki, M. (1996). High-fat hypercaloric diet induces obesity, glucose intolerance and hyperlipidemia in normal adult male Wistar rat. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 31, 27-35.

Antinozzi, P. A., Segall, L., Prentki, M., McGarry, J. D., & Newgard, C. B. (1998). Molecular or pharmacologic perturbation of the link between glucose and lipid metabolism is without effect on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. A re-evaluation of the long-chain acyl-CoA hypothesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273, 16146-16154.

Antoni, F. A. (2000). Molecular diversity of cyclic AMP signalling. Front Neuroendocrinol. 21, 103-132.

Arkhammar, P., Nilsson, T., Rorsman, P., & Berggren, P.-O. (1987). Inhibition of ATP-regulated K+ channels precedes depolarization-induced increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration in pancreatic B-cells. J Biol Chem 262, 5448-5454.

Arsenijevic, D., Onuma, H., Pecqueur, C., Raimbault, S., Manning, B. S., Miroux, B., Couplan, E., Alves-Guerra, M. C., Goubern, M., Surwit, R., Bouillaud, F., Richard, D., Collins, S., & Ricquier, D. (2000). Disruption of the uncoupling protein-2 gene in mice reveals a role in immunity and reactive oxygen species production. Nat.Genet. 26, 435-439.

Ashcroft, F. M. & Rorsman, P. (1989). Electrophysiology of the pancreatic beta-cell. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 54, 87-143.

Ashcroft, S. J. & Ashcroft, F. M. (1990). Properties and functions of ATP-sensitive K-channels. Cell Signal 2, 197-214.

Assimacopoulos-Jeannet, F., Thumelin, S., Roche, E., Esser, V., McGarry, J. D., & Prentki, M. (1997). Fatty acids rapidly induce the carnitine palmitoyltransferase I gene in the pancreatic beta-cell line INS-1. J Biol Chem 272, 1659-1664.

Atkinson, M. A. & Eisenbarth, G. S. (2001). Type 1 diabetes: new perspectives on disease pathogenesis and treatment. Lancet 358, 221-229.

Aubert, J., Champigny, O., Saint-Marc, P., Negrel, R., Collins, S., Ricquier, D., & Ailhaud, G. (1997). Up-regulation of UCP-2 gene expression by PPAR agonists in preadipose and adipose cells. Biochem Biophys.Res.Commun. 238, 606-611.

Auwerx, J. (1999). PPARgamma, the ultimate thrifty gene. Diabetologia 42, 1033-1049.

Baekkeskov, S., Aanstoot, H. J., Christgau, S., Reetz, A., Solimena, M., Cascalho, M., Folli, F., Richter-Olesen, H., De Camilli, P., & Camilli, P. D. (1990). Identification of the 64K autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes as the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase. Nature 347, 151-156.

Bailey, C. J. & Turner, R. C. (1996). Metformin. N Engl J Med 334, 574-579.

Bakker, S. J., IJzerman, R. G., Teerlink, T., Westerhoff, H. V., Gans, R. O., & Heine, R. J. (2000). Cytosolic triglycerides and oxidative stress in central obesity: the missing link between excessive atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and beta-cell failure. Atherosclerosis 148, 17-21.

Balaban, R. S. (1990). Regulation of oxidative phosphorylation in the mammalian cell. American Journal of Physiology 258, C377-C389.

Barbu, A., Welsh, N., & Saldeen, J. (2002). Cytokine-induced apoptosis and necrosis are preceded by disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta psi(m)) in pancreatic R1Nm5F cells: prevention by Bcl-2. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 190, 75-82.

Barg, S., Eliasson, L., Renstrom, E., & Rorsman, P. (2002). A subset of 50 secretory granules in close contact with L-type Ca2+ channels accounts for first-phase insulin secretion in mouse beta-cells. Diabetes 51 Suppl 1, S74-S82.

Bergman, R. N. (1989). Lily lecture 1989: Towards physiological understanding of glucose tolerance: Minimal model approach. Diabetes 38, 1512-1527.

Bergman, R. N., Steil, G. M., Bradley, D. C., & Watanabe, R. M. (1992). Modeling of insulin action in vivo. Ann Rev Physiol 54, 861-883.

Berkow, R. & Fletcher, A. J. (1992). The Merck manual of diagnosis and therapy, 16th ed. Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway,N.J.

Bertelsen, J., Christiansen, C., Thomsen, C., & et al. (1993). Effect of meal frequency on blood glucose, insulin and free fatty acids in NIDDM subjects. Diab.Care. 16, 3-7.

Berts, A., Gylfe, E., & Hellman, B. (1995). Ca2+ oscillations in pancreatic islet cells secreting glucagon and somatostatin. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 208, 644-649.

Best, L. (1997). Glucose and alpha-ketoisocaproate induce transient inward currents in rat pancreatic beta cells. Diabetologia 40, 1-6.

Bjorklund, A., Lansner, A., & Grill, V. E. (2000). Glucose-induced [Ca2+](i) abnormalities in human pancreatic islets - Important role of overstimulation. Diabetes 49, 1840-1848.

Boden, G. (1997). Role of fatty acids in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and NIDDM. Diabetes 46, 3-10.

Bollheimer, L. C., Skelly, R. H., Chester, M. W., McGarry, J. D., & Rhodes, C. J. (1998). Chronic exposure to free fatty acid reduces pancreatic beta cell insulin content by increasing basal insulin secretion that is not compensated for by a corresponding increase in proinsulin biosynthesis translation. J Clin Invest 101, 1094-1101.

Bonner-Weir, S. (2000a). Islet growth and development in the adult. J Mol Endocrinol 24, 297-302.

Bonner-Weir, S. (2000b). Life and death of the pancreatic beta cells. Trends Endocrinol Metab 11, 375-378.

Bonner-Weir, S. (2001). beta-cell turnover: its assessment and implications. Diabetes 50 Suppl 1, S20-S24.

Bonner-Weir, S., Deery, D., Leahy, J. L., & Weir, G. C. (1989). Compensatory growth of pancreatic beta-cells in adult rats after short- term glucose infusion. Diabetes 38, 49-53.

Bonner-Weir, S. & Smith, F. E. (1994). Islet growth and the growth factors involved. Trends Endocrinol Metab 5, 60-64.

Boss, O., Bobbioni-Harsch, E., Assimacopoulos-Jeannet, F., Muzzin, P., Munger, R., Giacobino, J. P., & Golay, A. (1998a). Uncoupling protein-3 expression in skeletal muscle and free fatty acids in obesity. Lancet 351, 1933.

Boss, O., Hagen, T., & Lowell, B. B. (2000). Uncoupling proteins 2 and 3. Potential regulators of mitochondrial energy metabolism. Diabetes 49, 143-156.

Boss, O., Muzzin, P., & Giacobino, J. P. (1998b). The uncoupling proteins, a review. Eur.J Endocrinol. 139, 1-9.

Boss, O., Samec, S., Dulloo, A., Seydoux, J., Muzzin, P., & Giacobino, J. P. (1997a). Tissue-dependent upregulation of rat uncoupling protein-2 expression in response to fasting or cold. FEBS Letters 412, 111-114.

Boss, O., Samec, S., Kuhne, F., Bijlenga, P., Assimacopoulos-Jeannet, F., Seydoux, J., Giacobino, J. P., & Muzzin, P. (1998c). Uncoupling protein-3 expression in rodent skeletal muscle is modulated by food intake but not by changes in environmental temperature. J Biol Chem 273, 5-8.

Boss, O., Samec, S., Paoloni-Giacobino, A., Rossier, C., Dulloo, A., Seydoux, J., Muzzin, P., & Giacobino, J. P. (1997b). Uncoupling protein-3: a new member of the mitochondrial carrier family with tissue-specific expression. FEBS Letters 408, 39-42.

Bouchard, C., Perusse, L., Chagnon, Y. C., Warden, C., & Ricquier, D. (1997). Linkage between markers in the vicinity of the uncoupling protein 2 gene and resting metabolic rate in humans. Hum.Mol.Genet. 6, 1887-1889.

Bouillaud, F., Weissenbach, J., & Ricquier, D. (1986). Complete cDNA-derived amino acid sequence of rat brown fat uncoupling protein. J Biol Chem 261, 1487-1490.

Brand, M. D. (2000). Uncoupling to survive? The role of mitochondrial inefficiency in ageing. Exp.Gerontol. 35, 811-820.

Brand, M. D., Brindle, K. M., Buckingham, J. A., Harper, J. A., Rolfe, D. F., & Stuart, J. A. (1999a). The significance and mechanism of mitochondrial proton conductance. Int.J Obes.Relat Metab Disord. 23 Suppl 6, S4-11.

Brand, M. D., Brindle, K. M., Buckingham, J. A., Harper, J. A., Rolfe, D. F., & Stuart, J. A. (1999b). The significance and mechanism of mitochondrial proton conductance. Int.J.Obes.Relat Metab Disord. 23 Suppl 6, S4-11.

Brand, M. D., Chien, L. F., Ainscow, E. K., Rolfe, D. F., & Porter, R. K. (1994). The causes and functions of mitochondrial proton leak. Biochim.Biophys.Acta 1187, 132-139.

Brand, M. D., Harper, M. E., & Taylor, H. C. (1993). Control of the effective P/O ratio of oxidative phosphorylation in liver mitochondria and hepatocytes. Biochem J 291 ( Pt 3), 739-748.

Brand, M. D., Pamplona, R., Portero-Otin, M., Requena, J. R., Roebuck, S. J., Buckingham, J. A., Clapham, J. C., & Cadenas, S. (2002). Oxidative damage and phospholipid fatty acyl composition in skeletal muscle mitochondria from mice underexpressing or overexpressing uncoupling protein 3. Biochem.J. 368, 597-603.

Brandhorst, D., Brandhorst, H., Hering, B. J., Federlin, K., & Bretzel, R. G. (1999). Large variability of the intracellular ATP content of human islets isolated from different donors. J.Mol.Med. 77, 93-95.

Bratanova-Tochkova, T. K., Cheng, H., Daniel, S., Gunawardana, S., Liu, Y. J., Mulvaney-Musa, J., Schermerhorn, T., Straub, S. G., Yajima, H., & Sharp, G. W. (2002). Triggering and augmentation mechanisms, granule pools, and biphasic insulin secretion. Diabetes 51 Suppl 1, S83-S90.

Briaud, I., Harmon, J. S., Kelpe, C. L., Segu, V. B., & Poitout, V. (2001). Lipotoxicity of the pancreatic beta-cell is associated with glucose- dependent esterification of fatty acids into neutral lipids. Diabetes 50, 315-321.

Briaud, I., Kelpe, C. L., Johnson, L. M., Tran, P. O., & Poitout, V. (2002a). Differential effects of hyperlipidemia on insulin secretion in islets of langerhans from hyperglycemic versus normoglycemic rats. Diabetes 51, 662-668.

Briaud, I., Kelpe, C. L., Johnson, L. M., Tran, P. O., & Poitout, V. (2002b). Differential effects of hyperlipidemia on insulin secretion in islets of langerhans from hyperglycemic versus normoglycemic rats. Diabetes 51, 662-668.

Brownlee, M. (2001). Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature 414, 813-820.

Brubaker, P. L., Lee, Y. C., & Drucker, D. J. (1992). Alterations in proglucagon processing and inhibition of proglucagon gene expression in transgenic mice which contain a chimeric proglucagon-SV40 T antigen gene. Journal of Biological Chemistry 267, 20728-20733.

Brubaker, P. L., So, D. C. Y., & Drucker, D. J. (1989). Tissue-specific differences in the levels of proglucagon-derived peptides in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Endocrinology 124, 3003-3009.

Brun, S., Carmona, M. C., Mampel, T., Vinas, O., Giralt, M., Iglesias, R., & Villarroya, F. (1999a). Activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha induce the expression of the uncoupling protein-3 gene in skeletal muscle: a potential mechanism for the lipid intake-dependent activation of uncoupling protein-3 gene expression at birth. Diabetes 48, 1217-1222.

Brun, S., Carmona, M. C., Mampel, T., Vinas, O., Giralt, M., Iglesias, R., & Villarroya, F. (1999b). Uncoupling protein-3 gene expression in skeletal muscle during development is regulated by nutritional factors that alter circulating non-esterified fatty acids. FEBS Letters 453, 205-209.

Buttgereit, F., Grant, A., Muller, M., & Brand, M. D. (1994). The effects of methylprednisolone on oxidative phosphorylation in Concanavalin-A-stimulated thymocytes. Top-down elasticity analysis and control analysis. European Journal of Biochemistry 223, 513-519.

Cabrero, A., Llaverias, G., Roglans, N., Alegret, M., Sanchez, R., Adzet, T., Laguna, J. C., & Vazquez, M. (1999). Uncoupling protein-3 mRNA levels are increased in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of bezafibrate-treated rats. Biochem Biophys.Res.Commun. 260, 547-556.

Calegario, F. F., Cosso, R. G., Fagian, M. M., Almeida, F. V., Jardim, W. F., Jezek, P., Arruda, P., & Vercesi, A. E. (2003). Stimulation of potato tuber respiration by cold stress is associated with an increased capacity of both plant uncoupling mitochondrial protein (PUMP) and alternative oxidase. J.Bioenerg.Biomembr. 35, 211-220.

Camirand, A., Marie, V., Rabelo, R., & Silva, J. E. (1998). Thiazolidinediones stimulate uncoupling protein-2 expression in cell lines representing white and brown adipose tissues and skeletal muscle. Endocrinology 139, 428-431.

Cannon, B. & Nedergaard, J. (1985). The biochemistry of an inefficient tissue: brown adipose tissue. Essays Biochem 20, 110-164.

Cannon, B. & Nedergaard, J. (2004). Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance. Physiol Rev. 84, 277-359.

Carlsson, C., Borg, L. A., & Welsh, N. (1999). Sodium palmitate induces partial mitochondrial uncoupling and reactive oxygen species in rat pancreatic islets in vitro. Endocrinology 140, 3422-3428.

Carmona, M. C., Valmaseda, A., Iglesias, R., Mampel, T., Vinas, O., Giralt, M., & Villarroya, F. (1998). 9-cis retinoic acid induces the expression of the uncoupling protein-2 gene in brown adipocytes. FEBS Letters 441, 447-450.

Chan, C. B., De Leo, D., Joseph, J. W., McQuaid, T. S., Ha, X. F., Xu, F., Tsushima, R. G., Pennefather, P. S., Salapatek, A. M., & Wheeler, M. B. (2001a). Increased uncoupling protein-2 levels in beta-cells are associated with impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion: mechanism of action. Diabetes 50, 1302-1310.

Chan, C. B., Joseph, J. W., & Wheeler, M. B. (2001b). Effects of high fat diet on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in UCP-2 knockout mice. Obesity Research 9, 65S.

Chan, C. B., MacDonald, P. E., Saleh, M. C., Johns, D. C., Marban, E., & Wheeler, M. B. (1999). Overexpression of uncoupling protein 2 inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from rat islets. Diabetes 48, 1482-1486.

Chan, C. B. & MacPhail, R. M. (1996). KATP channel-dependent and -independent pathways of insulin secretion in isolated islets from fa/fa Zucker rats. Biochem.Cell Biol. 74, 403-410.

Chan, C. B., MacPhail, R. M., & Mitton, K. (1993). Evidence for defective glucose sensing by islets of fa/fa obese Zucker rats. Can.J Physiol Pharmacol. 71, 34-39.

Chan, C. B., Saleh, M. C., Koshkin, V., & Wheeler, M. B. (2004). Uncoupling protein 2 and islet function. Diabetes 53 Suppl 1, S136-S142.

Chance, B., Sies, H., & Boveris, A. (1979). Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs. Physiol Rev 59, 527-605.

Chance, B. & Williams, C. M. (1955). Respiratory enzymes in oxidative phosphorylation III. The steady state. J Biol Chem 217, 405-427.

Chandra, J., Zhivotovsky, B., Zaitsev, S., Juntti-Berggren, L., Berggren, P. O., & Orrenius, S. (2001). Role of apoptosis in pancreatic beta-cell death in diabetes. Diabetes 50 Suppl 1, S44-S47.

Chavin, K. D., Yang, S., Lin, H. Z., Chatham, J., Chacko, V. P., Hoek, J. B., Walajtys-Rode, E., Rashid, A., Chen, C. H., Huang, C. C., Wu, T. C., Lane, M. D., & Diehl, A. M. (1999). Obesity induces expression of uncoupling protein-2 in hepatocytes and promotes liver ATP depletion. J Biol Chem 274, 5692-5700.

Chen, S. Y., Ogawa, A., Ohneda, M., Unger, R. H., Foster, D. W., & McGarry, J. D. (1994). More Direct Evidence for A Malonyl-Coa-Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase-I Interaction As A Key Event in Pancreatic Beta-Cell Signaling. Diabetes 43, 878-883.

Cheng, G., Polito, C. C., Haines, J. K., Shafizadeh, S. F., Fiorini, R. N., Zhou, X., Schmidt, M. G., & Chavin, K. D. (2003). Decrease of intracellular ATP content downregulated UCP2 expression in mouse hepatocytes. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 308, 573-580.

Chiasson, J. L., Josse, R. G., Hunt, J. A., & et al. (1994). The efficacy of acarbose in the treatment of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: A multicenter controlled clinical trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 1221, 928-935.

Chick, W. L. (1973). Beta cell replication in rat pancreatic monolayer cultures. Effects of glucose, tolbutamide, glucocorticoid, growth hormone and glucagon. Diabetes 22, 687-693.

Chick, W. L., Lauris, V., Flewelling, J. H., Andrews, K. A., & Woodruff, J. M. (1973). Effects of glucose on beta cells in pancreatic monolayer cultures. Endocrinology 92, 212-218.

Churcher, Y. & Gomperts, B. D. (1990). ATP-dependent and ATP-independent pathways of exocytosis revealed by interchanging glutamate and chloride as the major anion in permeabilized mast cells. Cell Regul. 1, 337-346.

Civelek, V. N., Deeney, J. T., Fusonie, G. E., Corkey, B. E., & Tornheim, K. (1997). Oscillations in oxygen consumption by permeabilized clonal pancreatic beta-cells (HIT) incubated in an oscillatory glycolyzing muscle extract: roles of free Ca2+, substrates, and the ATP/ADP ratio. Diabetes 46, 51-56.

Civelek, V. N., Deeney, J. T., Kubik, K., Schultz, V., Tornheim, K., & Corkey, B. E. (1996). Temporal sequence of metabolic and ionic events in glucose-stimulated clonal pancreatic beta-cells (HIT). Biochem J 315 ( Pt 3), 1015-1019.

Collins, S., Cao, W. H., Daniel, K. W., Dixon, T. M., Medvedev, A. V., Onuma, H., & Surwit, R. (2001). Adrenoceptors, uncoupling proteins, and energy expenditure. Experimental Biology and Medicine 226, 982-990.

Corkey, B. E., Deeney, J. T., Yaney, G. C., Tornheim, K., & Prentki, M. (2000). The role of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters in beta-cell signal transduction. Journal of Nutrition 130, 299S-304S.

Corkey, B. E., Glennon, M. C., Chen, K. S., Deeney, J. T., Matschinsky, F. M., & Prentki, M. (1989). A role for malonyl-CoA in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from clonal pancreatic beta-cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 264, 21608-21612.

Cortez-Pinto, H., Yang, S. Q., Lin, H. Z., Costa, S., Hwang, C. S., Lane, M. D., Bagby, G., & Diehl, A. M. (1998). Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces uncoupling protein-2 expression in hepatocytes by a tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent mechanism. Biochem Biophys.Res.Commun. 251, 313-319.

Cortez-Pinto, H., Zhi, L. H., Qi, Y. S., Odwin, D. C., & Diehl, A. M. (1999). Lipids up-regulate uncoupling protein 2 expression in rat hepatocytes. Gastroenterology 116, 1184-1193.

Cusin, I., Zakrzewska, K. E., Boss, O., Muzzin, P., Giacobino, J. P., Ricquier, D., Jeanrenaud, B., & Rohner-Jeanrenaud, F. (1998). Chronic central leptin infusion enhances insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism and favors the expression of uncoupling proteins. Diabetes 47, 1014-1019.